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Mary Douglas is a central figure within British social anthropology. Studying under Evans-Pritchard at Oxford immediately after the war, she formed part of the group of anthropologists who established social anthropology's standing in the world of scholarship. Her works, spanning the second half of the twentieth century, have been widely read and her theories applied across the social sciences and humanities.

ACKNOWLEDG EM ENTS

PREFACE TO THE ROUTLEDGE CLASSICS EDITION

Introduction

1 Ritual Uncleanness

2 Secular Defilement

3 The Abominations of Leviticus

4 Magic and Miracle

5 Primitive Worlds

6 Powers and Dangers

7 External Boundaries

8 Internal Lines

9 The System at War with Itself

10 The System Shattered and Renewed

BIBLIOGRAPHY

INDEX

Mary Douglas is a central figure within British social anthropology. Studying under Evans-Pritchard at Oxford immediately after the war, she formed part of the group of anthropologists who established social anthropology's standing in the world of scholarship. Her works, spanning the second half of the twentieth century, have been widely read and her theories applied across the social sciences and humanities.

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“耶和华对摩西、亚伦说：‘你们晓喻以色列人：在地上一切走兽中可吃的，乃是以下这些，凡蹄分两瓣反刍的走兽你们都可以吃；但是骆驼不可以吃，因为它反刍但不分蹄……猪因为蹄分两瓣却不反刍，也不可以吃。这些走兽的肉，你们不可以吃，死了你们不可以摸，它们都不干净。水中的可吃的，乃是这些：凡在水里、海里、河里，有鳍有鳞的都可以吃……无鳍无鳞的都不干净……凡有翅膀并用四足爬行的动物，你们也都不要碰。’”

如果把关于污秽的观念中的病源学和卫生学因素去掉，我们就会得到对于污秽的古老定义，即污秽就是位置不当的东西（matter out of place）。

这是一个十分具有启发性的研究进路，它暗示了两个情境：一系列有秩序的关系以及对此秩序的违背。这样一来，污秽就绝不是一个单独的孤立事件。有污秽的地方就必然存在一个系统。

污秽是事物系统排序和分类的副产品，因为排序的过程就是抛弃不当要素的过程。

污秽就是分类的剩余和残留。它们被排除在我们正常的分类体系之外。

伊图利森林中的俾格米人遭遇不幸时，会说森林情绪不太好，因此特意整晚唱歌来使森林高兴起来，期望他们所做的事会更加兴旺发达。

我们没有仪式就无法经历某些事情。在常规序列中发生的事件要求该序列与其他序列在意义上有所关联。没有整个完整的序列，单独的元素就会走失，不能被感觉。

男性和女性的生理机能可以恰当地用血管来做一个类比。血管一定不能被倒空，也不能去稀释这种维持生命所必须的液体。在字面意义上，女性被恰当地视为一个门径，通过这个门径，里面洁净东西可能受到掺杂而不纯。男性被视为一个孔洞，那种珍贵的特质通过它渗流出来而丧失，整个系统因此而变弱。

禁忌是一个自发的编码实践（coding practice）。它会建立一套关于空间界限的词汇以及一套物理的和口头的信号，为的是把一套脆弱的关系维持在一起。如果这套编码没得到敬重，它就会以危险相威胁。

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作者简介：

　　Mary Douglas (1921-). One of the most distinguished anthropologists of modern times. Natural Symbols, another of her major works, is also available in Routledge Classics.

书籍介绍

Is cleanliness next to godliness? What does such a concept really mean? Why does it recur as a universal theme across all societies? And what are the implications for the unclean?

In Purity and Danger Mary Douglas identifies the concern for purity as a key theme at the heart of every society. In lively and lucid prose she explains its relevance for every reader by revealing its wide-ranging impact on our attitudes to society, values, cosmology and knowledge. This book has been hugely influential in many areas of debate – from religion to social theory. With a specially commissioned preface by the author which assesses the continuing significance of the work, this Routledge Classics edition will ensure that Purity and Danger continues to challenge, question and inspire for many years to come.